Arbitrary code execution: Difference between revisions
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==Custom data== |
==Custom data== |
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Arbitrary code execution can be used to create custom data, such as sprites, text and sounds. |
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*[[Arbitrary sprites|Custom Pokémon and Trainer front/back sprites]] |
*[[Arbitrary sprites|Custom Pokémon and Trainer front/back sprites]] |
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Revision as of 21:15, 2 September 2019
0x1500 control code arbitrary code execution (Crystal) | Cart-swap arbitrary code execution | Generation I custom map script pointer | Generation I invalid meta-map scripts | Generation I item ("8F", "ws m", "-g m", "5かい", "てへ" etc.) | Generation I move ("-", "TM42") | Generation I Trainer escape glitch text boxes | Generation II bad clone | Generation II Burned Tower Silver | Japanese Crystal Pokémon Communication Center SRAM glitches | Coin Case glitch | Generation II glitch Pokédex sortings | Pikachu off-screen glitch ACE | OAM DMA hijacking | Pikachu glitch emote | Generation III glitch Pokémon summary | Generation III glitch move animation) | Remote code execution | TM/HMs outside of the TM/HM pocket | ZZAZZ glitch Trainer FC
No further extensions
Cloning | Item duplication glitch (Generation I) | Pokémon merge glitch ("Q Glitch", Generation I) | Time Capsule exploit | Bug-Catching Contest data copy glitch (Generation II, Japan only) | Berry glitch | Battle Tower Lati@s glitch (Generation III) | (Mimic) Transform Rage glitch (Generation IV)
Transform held item glitch (Generation IV, Japan only) | Mimic glitch (Generation IV, Japan only)
99 item stack glitch | LOL glitch | Rival LOL glitch | Instant LOL glitch | RAM LOL glitch | Out of bounds LOL glitch | blockoobLG | Instant encounter infinite chain glitch | LGFly | Super Glitch (Generation I) | Party remaining HP glitch | Super Glitch (Generation III) | Text pointer manipulation mart buffer overflow glitch | CoolTrainer♀-type move | Double distort CoolTrainer♀ corruption | Yami Shop glitch | Party Pokémon box data shift glitch | Unterminated name glitch item instant encounter (Japanese Red/Green)
Item stack duplication glitch (Generation I)
Generation I expanded items pack (Glitch Rocket HQ maps, Map FE (English and non-English European Yellow) | Map script pointer manipulation (arbitrary code execution | Map script pointer item ball manipulation) | Text pointer manipulation (arbitrary code execution | Item ball manipulation | Mart buffer overflow) | Trainerless instant encounter glitch
Bad clone glitch (Generation II)
????? party overloading (Type 0xD0 move glitch | ????? map corruption | Celebi trick | Celebi Egg trick | Shiny Celebi trick | Glitch move map corruption | Overloaded party map corruption | Glitch Unown (Glitch Unown map corruption) | Duplicate key items glitch (Infinite items and item creation, Expanded Balls pocket (Wrong pocket TM/HMs, Glitch Pokédex categories))
Closed menu Select glitches (Japanese Red/Green)
Dokokashira door glitch (International) | Fossil conversion glitch (international) | Second type glitch | Skip to Level 100 glitch | Trainer mutation glitch | Walk through walls (International) | Lift glitch | Badge describer glitch
Pomeg glitch (Generation III)
Pomeg data corruption glitch ("Glitzer Popping") | Charm glitch
Voiding (Generation IV)
Broken escalator glitch (Japan only) | Elite Four door glitch (Japan only)
2x2 block encounter glitches (Generation I)
Left-facing shore tile glitch (in-game trade shore encounter trick, Old man trick, Trade link up shore encounter trick, Fight Safari Zone Pokémon trick) | Viridian Forest no encounter grass tiles glitch
Safari Zone exit glitch | RAM manipulation | Out of bounds Glitch City (Generation II) | Slowpoke Well out of bounds corruption (French Gold/Silver/Crystal)
Large storage box byte shift glitch
Storage box remaining HP glitch | Generation I max stat trick
SRAM glitches
Generation I save corruption | 255 Pokémon glitch | Expanded party encounter table manipulation (Generation I) | Send party Pokémon to a new game (Generation I) | Generation II save corruption | Mailbox glitches | Mystery Gift item corruption | Trainer House glitches
Death-warp | Ditto trick | Experience underflow glitch | Mew trick | Text box ID matching | Meta-map script activation
Ledge method | Museum guy method | Rival's effect | Select glitch method (International Select glitch method), Brock Through Walls
Grass/rock Surfing glitch (Spanish/Italian only) (adaptions: Submerge glitch (international)) | 8 8 (0x7C) grass/rock surfing glitch (English Red/Blue))
0x1500 control code arbitrary code execution (Crystal) | Cart-swap arbitrary code execution | Generation I custom map script pointer | Generation I invalid meta-map scripts | Generation I item ("8F", "ws m", "-g m", "5かい", "てへ" etc.) | Generation I move ("-", "TM42") | Generation I Trainer escape glitch text boxes | Generation II bad clone | Generation II Burned Tower Silver | Japanese Crystal Pokémon Communication Center SRAM glitches | Coin Case glitch | Generation II glitch Pokédex sortings | Pikachu off-screen glitch ACE | OAM DMA hijacking | Serial interrupt ACE | Pikachu glitch emote | Generation III glitch Pokémon summary | Generation III glitch move animation) | Remote code execution | TM/HMs outside of the TM/HM pocket | Type 0xFF mail arbitrary code execution (Japanese Crystal) | ZZAZZ glitch Trainer FC
List of arbitrary code execution programs
| PRAMA Initiative a également une page sur Arbitrary code execution. |
| Bulbapedia also has an article about Arbitrary code execution. |
| This article is incomplete. Please feel free to add any missing information about the subject. It is missing: The following methods of ACE: custom map script pointer, move effect, Trainer escape glitch text box, bad clone summary, Burned Tower Silver, TM/HM use outside of the correct pocket, glitch Pokédex categories, Pikachu glitch emote and specific details on Generation III summary and move animation ACE. |
Arbitrary code execution (Japanese: 任意コード実行) refers to a method that allows the player to force the game to run code in a write-enabled region of the game, often WRAM or RAM (see Game Boy memory map). If it is manipulable (e.g. if the region is in a representation of the player's current party), this can be abused to run custom code written by the player.
It commonly involves an invalid execution pointer (such as via glitch items in Generation I). In English versions, another popular method is as a side effect of the Coin Case glitch in English Pokémon Gold and Silver, which the player can manipulate to run custom assembly code.
This custom code is often spelled with items, as a stack of items uses only two (Generation I/II) or four (Generation III) bytes. Box names are also an option for Generation II games.
In Generation I
Via items
Each item that is not a TM or HM (more precisely, with ID less than HM01 (0xC4)), when used, gets its effect from a pointer table. For some glitch items, this effect pointer points to the RAM, enabling arbitrary code execution.
All known ACE glitch items jump into an RAM area that is possible to manipulate, but not quite as easy to manipulate as the item pack. Therefore it is popular to jump to the third item in the item pack, and write the main payload there. This strategy of first jumping to an easier to manipulate RAM area is called "bootstrapping".
There are many ways to obtain those glitch items through glitches. In Pokémon Red, Green, and Pokémon Blue (Japanese), the Select glitch can easily create any glitch item. In the international versions, the most common method is to first obtain an expanded item pack, then find the glitch item in the X coordinate (Celadon looping map trick) or in roaming items.
Below is a summary of commonly used ACE glitch items. For more information, including bootstrapping setups, click on the name of an item to go to its ItemDex page.
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Notice that the items in the European non-English versions are all the same as the corresponding item (with the same ID) in English version; however, due to differences in memory layout, the bootstrapping setups will be slightly different. (The "floor items" have different numbers because in those countries, "first floor" refers to what is called second floor in American English.)
Useful item codes
See Generation I item codes for some useful item lists for 8F (and possibly other ACE methods).
Via text boxes
Each map has a number of different map-specific text boxes, with a table of pointers pointing to each piece of text. Certain glitches like text box ID matching can force the game to display a text box that doesn't exist on the current map, which means the pointer may point to anything, including into the RAM. From here, a 0x08 (TX_ASM) text command in a suitable location will enable arbitrary code execution.
Notable setups for text box ACE include:
- Sea Route 21 0x44 text box glitch (English Yellow), which is accessed by text box ID matching.
- Pikachu off-screen glitch ACE, which works by forcing the non-existing sign 04 to appear in the Vermilion City Fan Club.
Via "TRAINER 4" (hex:FC)
This method will make "TRAINER 4" (hex:FC) (encountered via the Trainer escape glitch) run code based on the data of the Pokémon in the current PC box.
Requirements :
- No Pokémon must ever have been deposited info the Daycare (even on a previous save file)
- Knowing and being able to perform the Trainer escape glitch
- A Pokémon with a Special stat of 252
- One must perform the Trainer escape glitch using a Special stat of 252 (hex:FC)
- Aside from the ZZAZZ effects, upon selecting an attack, code based on the data of the Pokémon that was last deposited into the Daycare (specifically at $FA58) will be run. If no Pokémon was ever deposited, the script will "fall" to boxed Pokémon data.
The code at $D040 may also to be adjusted, as not to freeze the game, due to Trainer AI scripts having at least two (ignoring duplicates) separate routines. This Trainer is only known to execute $FA58 and $D040.
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In Generation II
| PRAMA Initiative a également une page sur Arbitrary code execution. |
Gold and Silver
- Main article: Coin Case glitch
The English versions of Pokémon Gold and Silver use a hex:57 character as a terminator for the Coin Case's "Coins: (x)" text, like in the Japanese versions.
While this is a valid control character for the Japanese version, it isn't for the English versions, causing the game to jump into the memory at echo RAM address E112 and execute code there.
Bellsprout, Machop and Machamp's cries make the coin case run a "inc sp" which changes the game into running code based on a palette table. Standing at certain places makes the code jump to data regarding party Pokémon data, and finally to the PC items.
Crystal
- Main article: 0x1500 control code arbitrary code execution
In Pokémon Crystal, there is a recently found way to execute arbitrary code. It is based on getting a Pokémon with an unterminated name (can be done with the bad clone glitch) and viewing its name unprotected (e.g. in the stats screen or in the PC).
This method was first used in a speedrun by Werster. The exploitation strategy consists of renaming boxes to specific names, and jumping there with a specific trainer ID. As of 2019, The current any% speedrun route is still based on this method.
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In Generation III
The method is extremely complicated, but can be achieved.
To learn how, watch this video by TheZZAZZGlitch.
In Generation VI
A heap overflow utilising a crafted Secret Base name can be used to achieve arbitrary code execution in Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire. This vulnerability ("basehaxx") was found by MrNbaYoh and is used to execute homebrew/unsigned code on the 3DS.
Custom data
Arbitrary code execution can be used to create custom data, such as sprites, text and sounds.
- Custom Pokémon and Trainer front/back sprites
- Custom player sprite
- Custom Pokédex entries
- Custom text boxes
- Custom tilesets (unconfirmed)
- Custom PCM sound effects